Lock and release mechanism for fifth wheel

ABSTRACT

A mechanism for locking and unlocking of a king pin of a fifth wheel. The mechanism includes a jaw member, a wedge member, a bumper member and a lever member interconnecting the jaw member, the wedge and the bumper member. A handle member includes a handle extension member. The system may be operated by a two-way air cylinder, a one-way air cylinder or in an alternate embodiment, may be incorporated into an existing manually operated fifth wheel system as a retrofit assembly so as to convert existing fifth wheel locking mechanisms to the arrangement of the present invention.

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.application Ser. No. 08/365,807, filed Dec. 29, 1994, now U.S. Pat No.5,456,484.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a mechanism for locking fifth wheels of atruck tractor and more particularly to an improvement in that type ofmechanism which includes a wedge member, a jaw member, a bumper memberand a lever member for locking the fifth wheel about the king pin of atractor trailer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the art to which this invention relates it has been customary to holdthe jaw of the fifth wheel into contact with the king pin by means of aslidable wedge. The wedge was held in place between a part of the frameof the fifth wheel and the off-king pin side of the jaw. Means isprovided to unlock the mechanism by first moving the wedge to aretracted position followed shortly thereafter by movement of the jaw,permitting the king pin to be removed from the fifth wheel.

In some instances it has been found that the wedge was jammed so tightlyin place that it was impossible to remove the same by means of the usualhandle associated therewith. Further, in prior apparatus it has beennecessary to limit the inward movement of the wedge so that in the eventthe king pin became oval shaped in the fore and aft direction of normalmovement of the vehicle, there would be no overstressing of the partswhen the tractor turned at substantially right angles to the trailer. Inother words, when a king pin becomes worn it wears somewhat oval shapedin the fore and aft, normal towing direction of the vehicle. If thewedge continues to be forced inwardly, when it is permitted to moveinwardly, thus to move the jaw closer to the king pin, then, when thetractor is maneuvered so as to be substantially at right angles to thetrailer, as when parking for unloading, etc., excessive force is placedupon the parts, causing undue stress on the several parts including theking pin, jaw and wedge and associated frame parts.

The state of the art can be traced from my father's U.S. Pat. No.2,371,750, through my U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,318,616, 3,844,854, 3,630,545,and most recently, in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,328. In the '328 patent,means is disclosed to provide access from the exterior of the fifthwheel for freeing a jammed or stuck wedge. A rod like member is mountedfor sliding movements in the depending or vertically disposed portionsof the frame of the fifth wheel. The member is threaded for a lengthadjacent its outer end and a spring is interposed between two of thedepending frame members. A nut is provided adjacent the spring so thatthe location of the inner end of the member relative to the end of thewedge may be adjusted. By simply striking the projecting outer end ofthe member, the entire member moves inwardly, thus freeing the jammedwedge from the exterior or outside of the fifth wheel.

The current state of the art using a jaw and wedge has a handle that hasslots which contact studs in the jaw and wedge. The slot for the wedgeallows approximately one and one-half inches of motion when the handleis secure in a locked position and has a tendency to squirt when greaseand dirt get between the contacting surfaces of the jaw and wedge. Thisaction can cause the wedge to strike the handle with force towards theopen position.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

By the present invention, a simpler, more direct mechanism for lockingand unlocking of a king pin of a fifth wheel is provided. The mechanismincludes a jaw member, a wedge member, a bumper member and a levermember interconnecting the jaw member, the wedge and the bumper member.The system may be operated by a two-way air cylinder, a one-way aircylinder or in an alternate embodiment, may be incorporated into anexisting manually operated fifth wheel system as a retrofit assembly soas to convert existing fifth wheel locking mechanisms to the arrangementof the present invention.

My present invention uses a constant force spring which appliessufficient force directly against the wedge to prevent slipping orsquirting of the wedge towards the open position in contrast to the oldhandle arrangement which would let the wedge move an inch or more beforestriking the handle. The prior use of a coil spring with insufficientpressure on the wedge to prevent slippage when grease or dirt getbetween the contracting surface of the jaw and wedge is replaced in thepresent invention by the use of a constant force spring or air pressurewhich would double or triple the force used in holding the wedge securein a closed position.

In addition, a plurality of plunger micro-switches are installed toprovide an indication of proper seating of the king pin as well as thewedge member. An electrical indication of the position of the king pinas well as the wedge member are transmitted to the cab of the tractorfor continuous monitoring of the locked condition of the fifth wheelassembly.

By the present invention, a simpler, safer and easier operating assemblyis provided. An air cylinder is used to lock the fifth wheel and mayoptionally be used to unlock the fifth wheel or alternatively the forceof a constant force spring may be used to couple the fifth wheel. Thisinvention eliminates "squirting" which is the tendency of the wedge toshift relative to the jaw when a load is applied to the jaw by the kingpin of a towed vehicle.

The present invention eliminates the use of small steps machined on thecontacting surfaces of the jaw and wedge which were designed to preventslippage. When wear occurred on these steps, squirting would occur andreplacement of the jaw and wedge was necessary. These steps are notnecessary by the present invention.

By connecting an operating handle directly to the wedge member in astraight line orientation, considerable leverage is possible inwithdrawing the wedge should it become "jammed" for any reason such asfailure of the air cylinder operation by threading of the handle on anarea exterior to the fifth wheel with a nut included on the threadedportion of the handle which will allow rotation of the nut against theexterior surface of the fifth wheel to free any jamming of the wedge.The direct attachment of a handle to a wedge member in a straightconfiguration provides for the handle to be supported by at least threeportions (plates) of the fifth wheel making it unlikely that a flyingtread from a tire could cause damage to the handle to make itunworkable.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lockand release mechanism for a fifth wheel which includes a jaw member, awedge member and a lever member used with a two-way air cylinder, andpreferably with a one-way air cylinder or alternatively in a manualoperation.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a lock andrelease mechanism for a fifth wheel which includes a jaw member, a wedgemember and a lever member used with a two-way air cylinder, andpreferably with a one-way air cylinder or alternatively in a manualoperation with an operating handle connected in a straight lineorientation with the wedge member.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a lock andrelease mechanism for a fifth wheel which includes a jaw member, a wedgemember and a lever member used with a two-way air cylinder, andpreferably with a one-way air cylinder or alternatively in a manualoperation with an operating handle connected in a straight lineorientation with the wedge member and including electrical sensors todetect proper seating of the king pin and the wedge member with anindication of the proper seating of these members being transmitted tothe cab of the tractor.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a lock andrelease mechanism for a fifth wheel which includes a jaw member, a wedgemember and a lever member used with a two-way air cylinder, andpreferably with a one-way air cylinder or alternatively in a manualoperation with an operating handle connected in a straight lineorientation with the wedge member and including electrical sensors todetect proper seating of the king pin and the wedge member with anindication of the proper seating of these members being transmitted tothe cab of the tractor and the operating handle being threadedexteriorly of the fifth wheel mechanism and including a nut rotatablymounted on the threaded portion of the operating handle for an emergencyrelease of the wedge member.

These and other objects of the invention, as well as many of theintended advantages thereof, will become more readily apparent whenreference is made to the following description taken in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a fifth wheel assembly interconnectinga tractor cab and a trailer.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the fifth wheel assembly accordingto the present invention taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the fifth wheel assembly according tothe present invention in a set to couple mode.

FIG. 5 is a bottom plan view of the fifth wheel assembly according tothe present invention in a locked mode.

FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the fifth wheel assembly according tothe present invention in a set to uncouple mode.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the bumper member.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the wedge member.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the jaw member.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the lever member.

FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 2 and including thealternative mechanism of a mechanical return spring and a one-way airpiston-cylinder arrangement.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a manual locking and unlocking assemblyincluding assembly brackets for insertion of a piston cylinderarrangement according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an alternative embodiment of the present invention forretrofitting existing fifth wheel assemblies with the components of thepresent invention shown set in a coupled position.

FIG. 14 is similar to FIG. 13 but is shown in a set to uncoupleposition.

FIGS. 15 is a bottom plan view of another embodiment of the presentinvention, shown in the closed position.

FIGS. 16 is a bottom plan view of the present invention as in FIG. 15,shown in the open position.

FIG. 17 is a bottom plan view of another alternate embodiment of thepresent invention, shown in the closed position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In describing a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in thedrawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake ofclarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to thespecific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that eachspecific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in asimilar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.

With reference to the drawings, in general, and to FIGS. 1 through 6, inparticular, a lock and release mechanism for a fifth wheel king pinembodying the teachings of the subject invention is generally designatedas 20. With reference to its orientation in FIG. 1, the mechanism 20 isinterposed between a frame rail 22 of a tractor 24 and the platform 26of a trailer 28. A fifth wheel housing 30 is mounted on the frame rail22 with a king pin 32 extending vertically downwardly from the platform26 of the trailer 28. The king pin 32 extends downwardly from a topplate or fifth wheel plate 40 which is preferably of a low frictionmaterial so as to facilitate turning or rotation of the trailer withrespect to the fifth wheel mechanism mounted on the trailer. The housing30 is pivotally mounted by pivot pins 34 on brackets 36, 38 located onopposite sides of the frame rail 22.

In the assembly according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4,in the set to couple position, the fifth wheel housing 30 includes aplurality of plates 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 54 and 56 extending verticallydownwardly from top plate 31 of the housing 30. In addition, L-shapedplate 58 extends outwardly from a side of housing 30. Cover plate 60extends between plates 50 and 56 and defines a bottom surface of athroat region 62 for receipt of the king pin.

In the assembly shown in FIG. 4, two-way pneumatic piston cylinder 64 isanchored at one end 66 on plate 42. Piston rod 70 extends from oppositeend 68. Piston rod 70 terminates in piston rod extension 72, coupled topivot pin 74 extending upwardly from wedge member 76 and throughelongated groove 78 of lever member 80.

A constant force spring assembly 82 is fixed to top plate 31. One end ofthe spring 84 engages pin 86. The opposite end 88 extends through anopening in plate 50 and engages pin 74 of the wedge member.

Resting on top of angled surface 90 of wedge member 76 is jaw member 92having an edge 94 extending at the same angle as angled surface 90 ofwedge member 76. A terminal projection 96 of the jaw member 92 engageswith a trailing surface 98 of the wedge member 76. Jaw member 92 alsoincludes a stepped engagement projection 134 for engaging a recessedarea 136 of king pin 32.

The jaw member 92 includes a projecting pin 100 which extends throughcircular opening 102 in the lever member 80 and engages a circularopening 104 in bumper member 106. Also, a terminal end 108 of constantforce spring assembly 110 is wrapped around pin 100 after passingthrough an opening 112 in plate 46. An opposite end 114 of springassembly 110 is held in position by pin 116 projecting downwardly fromplate 31.

Bumper member 106 includes camming surface 118 and terminal projection120. Bumper member 106 includes a channel 119 having a leading surface121 for engagement with wall plate 54 in a set to couple position. Also,a spring connection projection 122 includes opening 124 for receipt ofend 126 of spring 128 anchored at end 130 on a pin 132 extendingdownwardly from the top plate 31.

Connected to projection 138 of wedge member 76 by pin 140 extendingthrough opening 142 is end 144 of operating handle 146. At an oppositeterminal end 148 of handle 146 is a threaded portion 150 having a nut152 threadably secured thereon. Handle 146 extends through openings inplates 44, 52 and the side wall of the housing 30 and ultimately throughL-shaped bracket 58. The handle 146 is thereby supported at severallocations spaced along its length to ensure an accurate and straightsliding of the handle along its length.

Piston cylinder unit 64 includes air hoses 63 and 65 for controlling airflow to the unit 64 from the cab of the tractor. Remote control of theair cylinder is thereby provided for extension or retraction of thepiston rod 70 so as to lock or release the king pin.

In operation of a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fifth wheelmechanism 20, as shown in FIG. 4, mounted on a tractor is backed up bythe tractor in a direction of arrow 160 towards king pin 32 located onthe bottom of a platform 26 of a trailer 28. The fifth wheel mechanism20 is initially positioned in a set to couple position.

Now looking at FIG. 5, as the tractor backs up, the king pin 32 entersthe throat 62 of the mechanism thereby engaging the projection 120 ofthe bumper member 106. The bumper member is thereby moved in a directionopposite to the direction of arrow 160 until projection 162 havingleading edge 121 slides up past the terminal end 164 of plate 54. Oncethe leading edge 121 of projection 162 is clear of the end 164 of plate54, the spring 128 pulls the bumper member by a bias force in adirection towards fixed pin 132. The bumper 106 continues to be pulledby spring 128 with camming surface 118 engaging end 164 to guide thebumper out of the way of the king pin 32 entering the throat 62.

Meanwhile, once the king pin 32 is seated in the throat 62, pistoncylinder 64 is activated to retract piston rod 70 and piston rodextension 72 into the piston cylinder 64. By the connection of pin 74 topiston rod extension 72, the wedge member 76 is drawn laterally to wedgejaw member 92 against the recessed area 136 of king pin 32. Jaw member76 is simultaneously being drawn into engagement with the king pin bythe force of the retraction of the bumper member as caused by the spring128. However, due to the engagement of the terminal projection 96 of thejaw member 92 with the trailing surface 98 of the wedge member 76, thejaw member is prevented from engaging with the king pin until actuationof the piston cylinder unit 64 for forced movement of the wedge intoengagement with the jaw member and lateral movement of the wedge memberto the jaw member.

By the operation of the piston cylinder unit 64, the wedge member 76 isheld in a locked position thereby preventing the jaw member from beingbacked off from engagement with the king pin. In addition, by theinterconnection of the bumper member and the jaw member by pin 100, thebias force of spring 128 also assists in drawing the jaw member tightagainst the king pin for secure locking of the king pin in position oncethe piston cylinder unit 64 is actuated for movement of the wedgemember. Additional bias force is provided by the spring assemblies 82,110.

In the coupled position of FIG. 5, a micro-switch 164, having a springdepressible plunger 166, is engaged by the king pin and depressed so asto complete a circuit across wires 168, 170 connected to the tractorbattery and a light in the cab of the tractor to activate the light andthereby indicate a correct positioning of the king pin in a lockedposition. In addition, micro-switch 172, having a spring depressibleplunger 174, is engaged by edge 176 of the wedge member 76 so as tocomplete a circuit across wires 178, 180 connected to the tractorbattery and a light within the cab of the tractor to activate the lightand thereby indicate proper positioning of the wedge member in a lockedposition. Movement of the king pin or the wedge member away from thecoupled position will move the plunger of the micro-switches 164, 172 toextend and break the circuit to cause the light in the cab of thetractor to be extinguished. This would thereby provide a warning to theoperator that an unsafe condition may be present due to an improperpositioning of either the wedge or the king pin.

When the trailer is to be uncoupled, as shown in the set to uncoupleposition of FIG. 6, the piston cylinder unit 64 is actuated to extendthe piston cylinder rod 70 and its extension 72 so as to move the wedgemember 76 from its position as shown in FIG. 5, into engagement with theprojection 96 of the jaw member so as to retract the jaw member fromengagement of the king pin. Due to the interconnection of the bumpermember with the jaw member through pin 100, the bumper member iswithdrawn by the engagement with the terminal end 164 of plate 54 offirst the camming surface 118, and then projection 162, down alongleading surface 121 to engagement of end 164 with the base of channel119 and ultimately to the position of the bumper member shown in FIG. 6.In this position, the king pin is free to move out of the throat 62 foruncoupling of the tractor from the trailer.

When the tractor is moved away from the trailer, the bias of spring 128will cause the projection 120 of the bumper member 106 to move into thethroat 62 as shown in FIG. 4. The mechanism is thereby set to the coupleposition, ready to receive a king pin.

In the event of failure of the piston cylinder unit 64, the springassemblies 82, 110, having ends 88, 108 engaging pins 74 and 100,respectively, will force the jaw member 92 and wedge member 76 into thelocked position as assisted by spring 128 through bumper member 106.Unlocking is accomplished by the use of end 148 of handle member 146 topull back on the wedge member until engaging with projection 96 of thejaw member 92 and forcing the jaw member out of engagement with the kingpin. If the jaw member and wedge member are locked or frozen in thecoupled position with the king pin, it is possible to rotate nut 152 onthreaded portion 150 to engage and push against plate 58 to unfreeze thelocked position of the wedge member. Continued manual pulling on thehandle member will act to free the jaw member and wedge member fromengagement with the king pin.

In an alternative embodiment as shown in FIG. 11, a one-way pistoncylinder unit 182 is used to extend an attachment 184 located at an end186 of the piston rod so as to move the jaw member and wedge member outof the coupled position and into the set to uncouple position. In thisembodiment, a coil return spring 188 having end 190 connected to a pin192 in common with the attachment 184 is used to move the jaw member andwedge member to the locked or coupled position. In addition, the springassemblies 82 and 110, as shown in FIG. 5 will provide a bias force toretain the jaw member and the wedge member in a locked position.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12, a coil spring 192 is used to lockthe assembly in the coupled position. It is understood that a manuallyoperated handle could be used to uncouple the king pin from theassembly. It is envisioned in this embodiment in accordance with thepresent invention that a bracket 194 is positioned so that if desired, aone-way piston cylinder unit could be attached to the assembly forinterconnection between the bracket 194 and pin 196 so as to operate ina manner consistent with that disclosed for FIG. 11.

It is also considered as being within the scope of the present inventionto retrofit existing fifth wheel assemblies as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14so as to include the jaw member 92, wedge member 76 and bumper member106 arrangement. This is done by including these three members with anoperating handle 200 having one end 202 secured to an extended levermember 204 which extends through a slot 206 in plate 50. The force ofspring assemblies 82 and 110 as assisted by spring 128 would be used tomove the jaw member and wedge member to a locked or coupled positionwhereas the handle 200 would be used manually to uncouple the jaw memberand wedge member for uncoupling of the king pin from the assembly.

With reference to FIGS. 15 and 16, a lock and release mechanism for afifth wheel king pin embodying the teachings of a preferred embodimentof the subject invention is generally designated as 300. With referenceto its orientation in FIG. 15, the mechanism 300 is shown in the closedposition locking a king pin 302 by a jaw member 304 as supported inplace by a wedge member 306.

A lever member 308 is pivotally connected by a pin 310 to the jaw member304. A pin 312 mounted on the wedge member 306 extends through anelongated slot 314 in the lever member and is also pivotally connectedto an extension 316 of a piston cylinder assembly 318.

Two springs 320 and 322 are secured to the pins 310 and 312,respectively, to force the jaw member 304 and wedge member 306 into thelocked position as maintained also by the retraction of the pistoncylinder unit 318. The pin 312 is also pivotally mounted to an elongatedhandle extension 324 pivotally mounted about pin 326 at one end AND atan opposite end pivotally mounted by connection 328 to handle member330, which extends through the housing 332 of the mechanism 300.

The handle member 330 may be used to manually unlock the mechanism 300so that a bumper member 332 is moved to a set-to-couple position. Thebumper member is also pivotally mounted at pin 334 to elongated handleextension 324. The bumper member includes an extension 336 whichincludes a hole 338 for anchoring one end 340 of spring 342. An oppositeend 344 of spring 342 extends through a hole 346 of an anchor plate 348.The bumper member 332 is also biased to the position shown in FIG. 15 bythe spring 342 which in turn transmits the bias force to the elongatedhandle extension 324.

To set the mechanism 300 to the open position, as shown in FIG. 16, thepiston cylinder unit 318 may be activated to extend the extension 316mounted at the end of piston rod 350 so as to move wedge member 306 awayfrom the throat 352, through which the king pin slides in and out. Theextension of the piston cylinder unit 318 is against the bias of springs320, 322 as well as the spring 342. By the connection of the wedgemember 306 and the elongated handle extension 324 through pin 312, thehandle member 330 is forced to move out of the housing 332 upon releaseof the king pin. The bumper member 332 is then moved into theset-to-couple position as was explained with respect to the otherembodiments.

In the event that the piston cylinder unit 318 is not operational, or inan alternative embodiment when the piston cylinder unit 318 is notpresent, the handle member 330 may be manually withdrawn. Due to theinterconnection of the elongated handle member 324 with the lever member308, wedge member 306 and bumper member 332, the jaw member 304 iswithdrawn from the throat through the connection between the levermember 308 and jaw member 304 at pin 310. By linking the elongatedhandle extension 324 to the wedge member 306, approximately 1 and 1/2inches of play in the wedge member is eliminated, which occurredpreviously with respect to the wedge in a locked and shut position. Thisplay caused excessive wear and pounding of the handle was required withsuch force that the overall operation could potentially become unsafe.The embodiment depicted in FIGS. 15 and 16 may also have the arrangementshown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 17 of a nut threadingly mounted on the handleto adjust the amount of movement of the handle.

In an alternate embodiment as shown in FIG. 17, a lock and releasemechanism for a fifth wheel king pin embodying the teachings of thesubject invention is generally designated as 360. In this embodiment, apiston cylinder unit 362 is directly linked in a continuous extension ofthe piston rod 364 with handle member 366 extending exteriorly of thehousing 369. At the junction between the piston rod and the handlemember is connected one end of an elongated handle extension 368 withthe opposite end pivotally mounted on pin 370 located within the housing368.

In FIG. 17, king pin 372 is shown locked in place by jaw member 374 asmaintained in position by wedge member 376. A pin 378 extending from thewedge member 376 slidably engages a groove 380 of the elongated handleextension 368 and a groove 382 of a lever member 384. The lever memberis also connected by a pin 386 with a bumper member 388.

As explained with respect to the other embodiments of the invention, themechanism 360 shown in FIG. 17 is in the closed or coupled position.This position is maintained by springs 390, 392 engaging pins 378 and386, respectively, as well as by the retraction of the piston cylinderunit 362 to hold the handle extension 368 in place. The piston rod ofthe piston cylinder unit 362 is extended to retract the jaw member andthe wedge member from the throat 394. The force exerted by the pistonrod of the piston cylinder unit or manual force through the handlemember 366 against the bias of the spring 390, 392 and against thespring 396 connected to the bumper member 398 moves the wedge member bythe connection of the handle extension member 368 and the wedge memberthrough pin 378. When the wedge member contacts jaw member extension398, the jaw member is also retracted.

During the movement of the wedge member, pressure against plunger 400 ofmicroswitch 402 provides an electrical indication in the cab of thetractor trailer that the wedge has been moved. Similarly when the kingpin 372 is moved, plunger 404 of microswitch 406 is released to alsoindicate a movement of the king pin from the desired set position.

As will be noted, the micro-switches for indicating the properpositioning of the king pin and the wedge member are incorporated intothe embodiment shown in FIG. 11 through 17 and operate in a manner asdisclosed with respect to FIG. 4 through 6.

The foregoing description should be considered as illustrative only ofthe principles of the invention. Since numerous modifications andchanges will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is notdesired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operationshown and described, and, accordingly, all suitable modifications andequivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of theinvention.

I claim:
 1. A lock and release mechanism for a fifth wheel, said lock and release mechanism comprising:a housing having a throat for receipt of a fifth wheel king pin, a jaw member slidably mounted in said housing for engagement with said king pin, said jaw member including a pin member secured thereto, a wedge member slidably mounted in said housing for engaging said jaw member and locking said jaw member in engagement with said king pin, said wedge member including a pin member secured thereto, a lever member having a slot and said lever member interconnecting said wedge member and said jaw member, said lever member being pivotally mounted on said pin member of said jaw member and said pin member of said wedge member being slidably mounted in said slot of said lever member, a bumper member for initially extending into said throat and for being pushed out of said throat by said king pin entering said throat and being biased toward entry into said throat upon unlocking of said king pin by said jaw member, a handle member extending through said housing, said handle member having two ends with one end located exteriorly of the housing, and a handle extension connected to the other end of said handle member within said housing, said handle extension being pivotally mounted in said housing, said bumper member being pivotally mounted on said handle extension and said handle extension being pivotally connected with said pin member of said wedge member for movement of said wedge member only upon movement of said handle member.
 2. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein said handle member includes a threaded portion located externally of said housing.
 3. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein a nut is threadingly mounted on said threaded portion for rotation and movement of said wedge member.
 4. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electrical switch is positioned in said housing to indicate a position of said wedge member.
 5. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a piston-cylinder unit is connected to said handle extension.
 6. A lock release mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein said jaw member and said wedge member have straight contact surfaces.
 7. A lock and release mechanism for a fifth wheel, said lock and release mechanism comprising:a housing having a throat for receipt of a fifth wheel king pin, a jaw member slidably mounted in said housing for engagement with said king pin when said king pin is in said throat, said jaw member including a pin member secured thereto, a wedge member slidably mounted in said housing for engaging said jaw member and locking said jaw member in engagement with said king pin, said wedge member including a pin member secured thereto, a lever member having a slot and said lever member interconnecting said wedge member and said jaw member, said lever member being pivotally mounted on said pin member of said jaw member and said pin member of said wedge member being slidably mounted in said slot of said lever member, a bumper member pivotally mounted on said pin member of said jaw member for initially extending into said throat and for being pushed out of said throat by said king pin entering said throat and being biased toward entry into said throat upon unlocking of said king pin by said jaw member, at least one spring structure engaging said pin member of said wedge member and said pin member of said jaw member for biasing said jaw member and said wedge member to lock said king pin in said throat, a handle member extending through said housing, said handle member having two ends with one end located exteriorly of the housing, and a handle extension having a slot and said handle extension being connected to the other end of said handle member within said housing, said handle extension being pivotally mounted in said housing and said pin member of said wedge member slidingly engaging sidewalls of said slot of said handle extension for movement of said wedge member only upon movement of said handle member.
 8. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 7, wherein said handle member includes a threaded portion located externally of said housing.
 9. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 8, wherein a nut is threadingly mounted on said threaded portion for rotation and movement of said wedge member.
 10. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 7, wherein an electrical switch is positioned in said housing to indicate a position of said wedge member.
 11. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 7, wherein at least one spring structure engages a connection between said wedge member and said lever member and a connection between said jaw member and said lever member.
 12. A lock and release mechanism as claimed in claim 10, wherein a piston-cylinder unit is connected to said handle extension.
 13. A lock release mechanism as claimed in claim 7, wherein said jaw member and said wedge member have straight contact surfaces. 